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主函数提前退出不等待通道读取?

来源:stackoverflow

时间:2024-02-28 23:27:25 315浏览 收藏

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问题内容

考虑以下使用 go 例程和通道来实现哲学家就餐的尝试。

package main

import "fmt"

func philos(id int, left, right, plate chan bool) {
    fmt.printf("philosopher # %d wants to eat\n", id) 
    <-left
    <-right
    plate <- true
    left <- true
    right <- true
    fmt.printf("philosopher # %d finished eating\n", id) 
}

func main() {
    const numphilos = 5 
    var forks [numphilos]chan bool
    for i := 0; i < numphilos; i++ {
        forks[i] = make(chan bool, 1)
        forks[i] <- true
    }   
    plates := make(chan bool)
    for i := 0; i < numphilos; i++ {
        go philos(i, forks[(i-1+numphilos)%numphilos], forks[(i+numphilos)%numphilos], plates)
    }   
    for i := 0; i < numphilos; i++ {
        <-plates
    }   
}

有时这会按预期工作,即所有哲学家都吃饭,例如:

philosopher # 4 wants to eat
philosopher # 3 wants to eat
philosopher # 2 wants to eat
philosopher # 1 wants to eat
philosopher # 4 finished eating
philosopher # 3 finished eating
philosopher # 2 finished eating
philosopher # 1 finished eating
philosopher # 0 wants to eat
philosopher # 0 finished eating

然而,有时,一个(或多个)哲学家会被遗漏(例如,哲学家#0,在以下情况下没有吃饭):

philosopher # 4 wants to eat
philosopher # 1 wants to eat
philosopher # 3 wants to eat
philosopher # 2 wants to eat
philosopher # 4 finished eating
philosopher # 0 wants to eat
philosopher # 2 finished eating
philosopher # 1 finished eating
philosopher # 3 finished eating

问题是为什么会发生这种情况?

我已经知道的:

  1. 如果 main go 例程完成,程序将退出(即使其他例程仍在运行)。

  2. 如果 go 例程尝试从某个通道读取数据,并且该通道为空(即之前没有人写入),则它会阻塞。

现在,main 尝试从通道 plates 读取 5 次,因此在 philos 例程运行五次之前它不会终止。但似乎它仍然设法在这样做之前终止。我错过了什么吗? (看来plates只被读取了4次。)

编辑:好的,经过更多思考,我得出结论,也许 philos 例程总是运行 5 次,但是,它可以之前 有时间打印哲学家吃的东西。事实上,如果我按如下方式更改顺序,它似乎总是有效:

func philos(id int, left, right, plate chan bool) {
    fmt.Printf("Philosopher # %d wants to eat\n", id) 
    <-left
    <-right
    left <- true
    right <- true
    fmt.Printf("Philosopher # %d finished eating\n", id) 
    plate <- true
}

不过,如果有人可以验证这个解释那就太好了:)


解决方案


您在标准输出中看到的内容与正在发生的情况不同。有时,mainplates接收,然后在打印语句发生之前返回。所以:

plate <- true
left <- true    // on this line or on
right <- true   // this line, main receives from plate and then returns before
fmt.printf("philosopher # %d finished eating\n", id) // this line executes

因为并发不是确定性的,所以这种情况不会每次都会发生。有时打印发生在 main 返回之前,有时则不会。这并不意味着通道读取没有发生。

实际上,通道被读取了 5 次,但由于 main 函数只等待第 5 次读取通道,因此它退出在 philos 函数到达此行之前:

fmt.Printf("Philosopher # %d finished eating\n", id)`

为了使其正确打印,您需要在写入板通道之前运行此行。

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