浅析Golang怎么实现锁
来源:亿速云
时间:2023-03-15 17:12:13 218浏览 收藏
对于一个Golang开发者来说,牢固扎实的基础是十分重要的,golang学习网就来带大家一点点的掌握基础知识点。今天本篇文章带大家了解《浅析Golang怎么实现锁》,主要介绍了go语言,希望对大家的知识积累有所帮助,快点收藏起来吧,否则需要时就找不到了!
今天小编给大家分享一下浅析Golang怎么实现锁的相关知识点,内容详细,逻辑清晰,相信大部分人都还太了解这方面的知识,所以分享这篇文章给大家参考一下,希望大家阅读完这篇文章后有所收获,下面我们一起来了解一下吧。
Lock
// Lock locks m. // If the lock is already in use, the calling goroutine // blocks until the mutex is available. func (m *Mutex) Lock() { // Fast path: grab unlocked mutex. // 上锁,成功返回 if atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&m.state, 0, mutexLocked) { if race.Enabled { race.Acquire(unsafe.Pointer(m)) } return } // Slow path (outlined so that the fast path can be inlined) //已经锁上的写成进入慢锁流程 m.lockSlow() }
lockSlow
func (m *Mutex) lockSlow() { var waitStartTime int64 //执行时间 starving := false //当前请求是否是饥饿模式 awoke := false //当前请求是否是唤醒状态 iter := 0 //自旋次数 old := m.state //旧state值 for { // Don't spin in starvation mode, ownership is handed off to waiters // so we won't be able to acquire the mutex anyway. //旧state值已上锁,并且未进入饥饿模式,且可以自旋,进入自旋逻辑 if old&(mutexLocked|mutexStarving) == mutexLocked && runtime_canSpin(iter) { // Active spinning makes sense. // Try to set mutexWoken flag to inform Unlock // to not wake other blocked goroutines. // 当前协程未唤醒 //&& old.state 为未唤起状态,就是说没有其他被唤起的waiter //&& waiter数>0 //&& m.state标记为唤起状态成功 if !awoke && old&mutexWoken == 0 && old>>mutexWaiterShift != 0 && atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&m.state, old, old|mutexWoken) { //标记当前协程为唤起状态 //r: 这是为了通知在解锁Unlock()中不要再唤醒其他的waiter了 awoke = true } //自旋 runtime_doSpin() //自旋计数器 iter++ old = m.state continue } //r: old是锁当前的状态,new是期望的状态,以期于在后面的CAS操作中更改锁的状态 //new代表期望的state值 new := old // Don't try to acquire starving mutex, new arriving goroutines must queue. //old不是饥饿状态,new带上上锁标志位,也就是饥饿状态不上锁 if old&mutexStarving == 0 { new |= mutexLocked } //旧state值是上锁状态或饥饿状态,新state waiter数+1 //r: 表示当前goroutine将被作为waiter置于等待队列队尾 if old&(mutexLocked|mutexStarving) != 0 { new += 1 starvationThresholdNs // 再次获取锁状态 old = m.state if old&mutexStarving != 0 { // If this goroutine was woken and mutex is in starvation mode, // ownership was handed off to us but mutex is in somewhat // inconsistent state: mutexLocked is not set and we are still // accounted as waiter. Fix that. //饥饿模式协程是在Unlock()时handoff到当前协程的 //r:? 如果当前锁既不是被获取也不是被唤醒状态,或者等待队列为空 // 这代表锁状态产生了不一致的问题 if old&(mutexLocked|mutexWoken) != 0 || old>>mutexWaiterShift == 0 { throw("sync: inconsistent mutex state") } //m.state 上锁,waiter数-1 delta := int32(mutexLocked - 1>mutexWaiterShift == 1 { // Exit starvation mode. // Critical to do it here and consider wait time. // Starvation mode is so inefficient, that two goroutines // can go lock-step infinitely once they switch mutex // to starvation mode. delta -= mutexStarving } atomic.AddInt32(&m.state, delta) //拿到锁,退出. break } awoke = true iter = 0 } else { //执行循环前的语句,恢复最新现场 old = m.state } } if race.Enabled { race.Acquire(unsafe.Pointer(m)) } }
Unlock
// Unlock unlocks m. // It is a run-time error if m is not locked on entry to Unlock. // // A locked Mutex is not associated with a particular goroutine. // It is allowed for one goroutine to lock a Mutex and then // arrange for another goroutine to unlock it. func (m *Mutex) Unlock() { if race.Enabled { _ = m.state race.Release(unsafe.Pointer(m)) } // Fast path: drop lock bit. //m.state取消锁状态,返回值new代表修改后的新值 //如果为0代表没有其他锁了,退出;否则进入unlockSlow() //锁空闲有两种情况: //1. 所有位为0,代表没有锁了 //2. 标志位为0, waiter数量>0,还有协程在等待解锁 new := atomic.AddInt32(&m.state, -mutexLocked) if new != 0 { // Outlined slow path to allow inlining the fast path. // To hide unlockSlow during tracing we skip one extra frame when tracing GoUnblock. m.unlockSlow(new) } }
UnlockSlow
func (m *Mutex) unlockSlow(new int32) { if (new+mutexLocked)&mutexLocked == 0 { throw("sync: unlock of unlocked mutex") } if new&mutexStarving == 0 { old := new for { // If there are no waiters or a goroutine has already // been woken or grabbed the lock, no need to wake anyone. // In starvation mode ownership is directly handed off from unlocking // goroutine to the next waiter. We are not part of this chain, // since we did not observe mutexStarving when we unlocked the mutex above. // So get off the way. //解锁,结束,退出 //1. 没有waiter了 //2. 已上锁 //3. 锁处于唤醒状态,表示有协程被唤醒 //4. 饥饿模式, 所有权交给了被解锁饥饿模式的waiter if old>>mutexWaiterShift == 0 || old&(mutexLocked|mutexWoken|mutexStarving) != 0 { return } // Grab the right to wake someone. // 如果能走到这,那就是上面的if判断没通过 // 说明当前锁是空闲状态,但是等待队列中有waiter,且没有goroutine被唤醒 // 所以,这里我们想要把锁的状态设置为被唤醒,等待队列waiter数-1 new = (old - 1其他关键函数runtime_canSpin是否可自旋,不展开runtime_doSpin核心是汇编实现,循环执行三十次PAUSE指令runtime_SemacquireMutex信号量上锁sem来自单词semaphore 信号量runtime_Semrelease信号量释放func runtime_Semrelease(s *uint32, handoff bool, skipframes int)If handoff is true, pass count directly to the first waiter.handoff 就是传球的意思,handoff 为 false 时,仅仅唤醒等待队列中第一个协程,但是不会立马调度该协程;当 handoff 为 true 时,会立马调度被唤醒的协程,此外,当 handoff = true 时,被唤醒的协程会继承当前协程的时间片。具体例子,假设每个 goroutine 的时间片为 2ms,gorounte A 已经执行了 1ms,假设它通过 runtime_Semrelease(handoff = true) 唤醒了 goroutine B,则 goroutine B 剩余的时间片为 2 - 1 = 1ms。golang 中 sync.Mutex 的实现semrelease1(addr, handoff, skipframes) 参数handoff若为true,则让被唤醒的g立刻继承当前g的时间片继续执行。若handoff为false,则把刚被唤醒的g放到当前p的runq中。Golang sync.Mutex 源码分析RWMutex很简单,看源码就行[Go并发] - RWMutex源码解析type RWMutex struct { w Mutex // held if there are pending writers writerSem uint32 // semaphore for writers to wait for completing readers readerSem uint32 // semaphore for readers to wait for completing writers readerCount int32 // number of pending readers 当前读锁数量 readerWait int32 // number of departing readers 要离开的读锁数量,暨等待写锁解锁,解锁后可以释放的读锁数量 }Lock()// Lock locks rw for writing. // If the lock is already locked for reading or writing, // Lock blocks until the lock is available. func (rw *RWMutex) Lock() { if race.Enabled { _ = rw.w.state race.Disable() } // First, resolve competition with other writers. rw.w.Lock() //通过sync.Lock()限制多写锁进入下边的逻辑 // Announce to readers there is a pending writer. //r值不变, rwmutexMaxReaders值为1UnLock()// Unlock unlocks rw for writing. It is a run-time error if rw is // not locked for writing on entry to Unlock. // // As with Mutexes, a locked RWMutex is not associated with a particular // goroutine. One goroutine may RLock (Lock) a RWMutex and then // arrange for another goroutine to RUnlock (Unlock) it. func (rw *RWMutex) Unlock() { if race.Enabled { _ = rw.w.state race.Release(unsafe.Pointer(&rw.readerSem)) race.Disable() } // Announce to readers there is no active writer. //将Lock()方法减去的值加回来,变成正数 r := atomic.AddInt32(&rw.readerCount, rwmutexMaxReaders) if r >= rwmutexMaxReaders { race.Enable() throw("sync: Unlock of unlocked RWMutex") } // Unblock blocked readers, if any. //唤醒在RLock()方法阻塞的读操作,数量为r for i := 0; i RLock()// RLock locks rw for reading. // // It should not be used for recursive read locking; a blocked Lock // call excludes new readers from acquiring the lock. See the // documentation on the RWMutex type. func (rw *RWMutex) RLock() { if race.Enabled { _ = rw.w.state race.Disable() } //UnRLock()// RUnlock undoes a single RLock call; // it does not affect other simultaneous readers. // It is a run-time error if rw is not locked for reading // on entry to RUnlock. func (rw *RWMutex) RUnlock() { if race.Enabled { _ = rw.w.state race.ReleaseMerge(unsafe.Pointer(&rw.writerSem)) race.Disable() } //以上就是“浅析Golang怎么实现锁”这篇文章的所有内容,感谢各位的阅读!相信大家阅读完这篇文章都有很大的收获,小编每天都会为大家更新不同的知识,如果还想学习更多的知识,请关注golang学习网行业资讯频道。终于介绍完啦!小伙伴们,这篇关于《浅析Golang怎么实现锁》的介绍应该让你收获多多了吧!欢迎大家收藏或分享给更多需要学习的朋友吧~golang学习网公众号也会发布Golang相关知识,快来关注吧!
声明:本文转载于:亿速云 如有侵犯,请联系study_golang@163.com删除
相关阅读
更多>
-
185 收藏
-
460 收藏
-
430 收藏
-
450 收藏
-
320 收藏
最新阅读
更多>
-
202 收藏
-
199 收藏
-
145 收藏
-
168 收藏
-
165 收藏
-
473 收藏
课程推荐
更多>
-
- 前端进阶之JavaScript设计模式
- 设计模式是开发人员在软件开发过程中面临一般问题时的解决方案,代表了最佳的实践。本课程的主打内容包括JS常见设计模式以及具体应用场景,打造一站式知识长龙服务,适合有JS基础的同学学习。
- 立即学习 542次学习
-
- GO语言核心编程课程
- 本课程采用真实案例,全面具体可落地,从理论到实践,一步一步将GO核心编程技术、编程思想、底层实现融会贯通,使学习者贴近时代脉搏,做IT互联网时代的弄潮儿。
- 立即学习 507次学习
-
- 简单聊聊mysql8与网络通信
- 如有问题加微信:Le-studyg;在课程中,我们将首先介绍MySQL8的新特性,包括性能优化、安全增强、新数据类型等,帮助学生快速熟悉MySQL8的最新功能。接着,我们将深入解析MySQL的网络通信机制,包括协议、连接管理、数据传输等,让
- 立即学习 497次学习
-
- JavaScript正则表达式基础与实战
- 在任何一门编程语言中,正则表达式,都是一项重要的知识,它提供了高效的字符串匹配与捕获机制,可以极大的简化程序设计。
- 立即学习 487次学习
-
- 从零制作响应式网站—Grid布局
- 本系列教程将展示从零制作一个假想的网络科技公司官网,分为导航,轮播,关于我们,成功案例,服务流程,团队介绍,数据部分,公司动态,底部信息等内容区块。网站整体采用CSSGrid布局,支持响应式,有流畅过渡和展现动画。
- 立即学习 484次学习