Python接口优化：批量请求与异常处理教程

import requests
<p>session = requests.Session()</p><h1>可选：调整连接池大小（避免TooManyRedirects或ConnectionPoolSizeError）</h1><p>adapter = requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter(pool_connections=20, pool_maxsize=20)
session.mount('http://', adapter)
session.mount('https://', adapter)</p><p>urls = ['<a target='_blank'  href='https://www.17golang.com/gourl/?redirect=MDAwMDAwMDAwML57hpSHp6VpkrqbYLx2eayza4KafaOkbLS3zqSBrJvPsa5_0Ia6sWuR4Juaq6t9nq5roGCUgXuytMyero2KedWwoYeYkbqVsJqthaW7ZGmosWukYIqQaa6ytrOifauEz757hpSHp6VpkrqbYLx2eayza4KafaOkbLS3zqSBrJvPsa5_0Ia6sWuR4Jtt' rel='nofollow'>https://api.example.com/item/1</a>', '<a target='_blank'  href='https://www.17golang.com/gourl/?redirect=MDAwMDAwMDAwML57hpSHp6VpkrqbYLx2eayza4KafaOkbLS3zqSBrJvPsa5_0Ia6sWuR4Juaq6t9nq5roGCUgXuytMyero2KedWwoYeYkbqVsJqthaW7ZGmosWukYIqQaa6yzLOifauEz757hpSHp6VpkrqbYLx2eayza4KafaOkbLS3zqSBrJvPsa5_0Ia6sWuR4Jtt' rel='nofollow'>https://api.example.com/item/2</a>']
for url in urls:
try:
resp = session.get(url, timeout=5)
resp.raise_for_status()
print(resp.json())
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
print(f"请求失败 {url}：{e}")
</p>

from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, as_completed
<p>def fetch_one(session, url):
try:
resp = session.get(url, timeout=8)
resp.raise_for_status()
return {'url': url, 'status': 'success', 'data': resp.json()}
except Exception as e:
return {'url': url, 'status': 'error', 'error': str(e)}</p><h1>复用Session实例（注意：Session不是线程安全的，但用于GET基本无问题；如需绝对安全，可在每个worker里新建）</h1><p>with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=10) as executor:
futures = [executor.submit(fetch_one, session, url) for url in urls]
for future in as_completed(futures):
result = future.result()
if result['status'] == 'success':
print("✅", result['url'])
else:
print("❌", result['url'], result['error'])
</p>

import time
import logging
from requests.exceptions import ConnectionError, Timeout, HTTPError
<p>def safe_get(session, url, max_retries=2, backoff_factor=1):
for i in range(max_retries + 1):
try:
resp = session.get(url, timeout=10)
resp.raise_for_status()
return resp
except ConnectionError:
if i == max_retries:
raise
logging.warning(f"连接失败 {url}，{backoff_factor * (2 <strong> i)}s后重试")
time.sleep(backoff_factor * (2 *<em> i))
except Timeout:
if i == max_retries:
raise
logging.warning(f"超时 {url}，重试中...")
time.sleep(backoff_factor </em> (2 </strong> i))
except HTTPError as e:
if resp.status_code >= 500 and i < max_retries:
logging.warning(f"服务端错误 {url}（{resp.status_code}），重试...")
time.sleep(backoff_factor * (2 ** i))
continue
raise  # 4xx直接抛出
</p>