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Prometheus&Grafana性能监控

来源：SegmentFault

时间：2023-01-26 19:52:53 106浏览收藏

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更多exporters可参看EXPORTERS AND INTEGRATIONS
对应端口号Default port allocations · prometheus/prometheus Wiki · GitHub

pushgateway：允许短暂和批处理的jobs推送它们的数据到prometheus；由于这类工作的存在时间不长，需要他们主动将数据推送到pushgateway，然后由pushgateway将数据发送给prometheus。

alertmanager：实现prometheus的告警功能。

架构

Grafana

Grafana是一个跨平台的开源的度量分析和可视化工具，可以通过将采集的数据查询然后可视化的展示，并及时通知。

特点

展示方式：快速灵活的客户端图表，面板插件有许多不同方式的可视化指标和日志，官方库中具有丰富的仪表盘插件，比如热图、折线图、图表等多种展示方式；
数据源：Graphite，InfluxDB，OpenTSDB，Prometheus，Elasticsearch，CloudWatch和KairosDB等；
通知提醒：以可视方式定义最重要指标的警报规则，Grafana将不断计算并发送通知，在数据达到阈值时通过Slack、PagerDuty等获得通知；
混合展示：在同一图表中混合使用不同的数据源，可以基于每个查询指定数据源，甚至自定义数据源；
注释：使用来自不同数据源的丰富事件注释图表，将鼠标悬停在事件上会显示完整的事件元数据和标记；
过滤器：Ad-hoc过滤器允许动态创建新的键/值过滤器，这些过滤器会自动应用于使用该数据源的所有查询

安装部署

prometheus

手动下载，并根据yml配置文件启动服务

download the latest release

wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v*/prometheus-*.*-amd64.tar.gz
tar xvf prometheus-*.*-amd64.tar.gz
cd prometheus-*
nohup ./prometheus --config.file=./prometheus.yml &

grafana

手动下载，并根据yml配置文件启动服务

download the latest release

wget https://dl.grafana.com/oss/release/grafana-7.5.6-1.x86_64.rpm
sudo yum install grafana-7.5.6-1.x86_64.rpm

docker安装

docker-compose统一安装prometheus及grafana

cd /opt
mkdir -p prometheus/config/
mkdir -p grafana/data
chmod 777 grafana/data
mkdir -p /data/prometheus
chmod 777 /data/prometheus

创建

cd /opt/prometheus/config/
touch prometheus.yml

编辑

#my global config
global:
  scrape_interval:     15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
  evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
  #scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).

#Alertmanager configuration
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
  - static_configs:
    - targets:
      #- alertmanager:9093

#Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
rule_files:
  #- "first_rules.yml"
  #- "second_rules.yml"

#A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
#Here it's Prometheus itself.
scrape_configs:
  #The job name is added as a label `job=` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
  - job_name: 'prometheus'

    #metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'
    #scheme defaults to 'http'.

    static_configs:
    - targets: ['192.168.9.140:9090']


  - job_name: "node"
    static_configs:
    - targets: ["192.168.9.140:9100"]

  - job_name: "qianmingyanqian"
    static_configs:
    - targets: ["11.12.108.226:9100","11.12.108.225:9100"]

  ## config for the multiple Redis targets that the exporter will scrape
  - job_name: "redis_exporter_targets"
    scrape_interval: 5s
    static_configs:
      - targets:
        - redis://192.168.9.140:6379
        - redis://192.168.9.140:7001
        - redis://192.168.9.140:7004
    metrics_path: /scrape
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 192.168.9.140:9121

创建

cd /opt
mkdir docker-compose
touch docker-compose_prometheus_grafana.yml

编辑

version: '2'

networks:
  monitor:
    driver: bridge

services:
  prometheus:
    image: prom/prometheus:latest
    container_name: prometheus
    hostname: prometheus
    restart: always
    volumes:
      - /opt/prometheus/config:/etc/prometheus
      - /data/prometheus:/prometheus
    ports:
      - "9090:9090"
    expose:
      - "8086"
    command:
      - '--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml'
      - '--log.level=info'
      - '--web.listen-address=0.0.0.0:9090'
      - '--storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus'
      - '--storage.tsdb.retention=15d'
      - '--query.max-concurrency=50'
    networks:
      - monitor

  grafana:
    image: grafana/grafana:latest
    container_name: grafana
    hostname: grafana
    restart: always
    volumes:
      - /opt/grafana/data:/var/lib/grafana
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
      - "26:26"
    networks:
      - monitor
    depends_on:
      - prometheus

docker-compose运行docker容器

docker-compose -p prometheus_grafana -f docker-compose_prometheus_grafana.yml up -d

启动成功通过浏览器

wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v*/node_exporter-*.*-amd64.tar.gz
tar xvfz node_exporter-*.*-amd64.tar.gz
cd node_exporter-*.*-amd64
nohup ./node_exporter &

或者使用docker安装，创建

cd /opt/docker-compose
touch docker-compose_node-exporter.yml

编辑

---
version: '3.8'

services:
  node_exporter:
    image: quay.io/prometheus/node-exporter:latest
    container_name: node_exporter
    command:
      - '--path.rootfs=/host'
    network_mode: host
    pid: host
    restart: unless-stopped
    volumes:
      - '/:/host:ro,rslave'

docker-compose运行docker容器

docker-compose -p node_exporter -f docker-compose_node-exporter.yml up -d

尝试访问以下

curl http://192.168.9.140:9100/metrics

返回以下数据证明服务正常

# HELP node_xfs_read_calls_total Number of read(2) system calls made to files in a filesystem.# TYPE node_xfs_read_calls_total counternode_xfs_read_calls_total{device="dm-1"} 10196node_xfs_read_calls_total{device="dm-2"} 17401node_xfs_read_calls_total{device="dm-3"} 970node_xfs_read_calls_total{device="dm-4"} 10node_xfs_read_calls_total{device="dm-5"} 19node_xfs_read_calls_total{device="dm-6"} 132node_xfs_read_calls_total{device="sda2"} 16378node_xfs_read_calls_total{device="sda3"} 2.67817784e+09node_xfs_read_calls_total{device="sda6"} 1.053587e+06

配置Prometheus

  - job_name: "node"    static_configs:    - targets: ["192.168.9.140:9100"]

修改配置文件后需重启

docker restart CONTAINER ID

成功后如下图

配置Grafana

登陆后添加数据源

选择Prometheus

在URL输入框键入

wget https://github.com/oliver006/redis_exporter/releases/download/v1.23.1/redis_exporter-v1.23.1.linux-386.tar.gztar zxvf redis_exporter-v1.23.1.linux-386.tar.gznohup ./redis_exporter -redis.addr 192.168.9.140:6379 -redis.password 111111 &

或者使用docker安装

docker run -d --name redis_exporter -p 9121:9121 oliver006/redis_exporter --redis.addr=192.168.9.140:6379 --redis.password=111111

配置Prometheus

redis单实例，

## config for scraping the exporter itself- job_name: 'redis_exporter'  scrape_interval: 5s  static_configs:    - targets:[192.168.9.140:9121]

redis集群，

  ## config for the multiple Redis targets that the exporter will scrape  - job_name: "redis_exporter_targets"    scrape_interval: 5s    static_configs:      - targets:        - redis://192.168.9.140:6379        - redis://192.168.9.140:7001        - redis://192.168.9.140:7004    metrics_path: /scrape    relabel_configs:      - source_labels: [__address__]        target_label: __param_target      - source_labels: [__param_target]        target_label: instance      - target_label: __address__        replacement: 192.168.9.140:9121

修改配置文件后需重启

root@localhost 14:43:  [(none)]>CREATE USER 'exporter'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'mysql_exporter';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)root@localhost 14:43:  [(none)]>GRANT PROCESS, REPLICATION CLIENT, SELECT ON *.* TO 'exporter'@'localhost';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

创建

cd /opttouch .my.cnfvim .my.cnf

配置文件键入以下内容

[ client ]user = exporterpassword = mysql_exporter

在待被监控的mysql服务器上下载并安装mysqld_exporter

download the latest release

wget https://github.com/prometheus/mysqld_exporter/releases/download/v*/mysqld_exporter-*.*-amd64.tar.gztar xvfz mysqld_exporter-*.*-amd64.tar.gzcd mysqld_exporter-*.*-amd64nohup ./mysqld_exporter --config.my-cnf=/opt/.my.cnf &

或者使用docker安装，创建

cd /opt/docker-composetouch docker-compose_mysqld-exporter.yml

编辑

version: '2'networks:    monitor:        driver: bridgeservices:    mysql-exporter:        image: prom/mysqld-exporter        container_name: mysql-exporter        hostname: mysql-exporter        restart: always        ports:            - "9104:9104"        networks:            - my-mysql-network        environment:            DATA_SOURCE_NAME: "exporter:mysql_exporter@(192.168.9.140:3306)/"networks:    my-mysql-network:        driver: bridge

docker-compose运行docker容器

docker-compose -p mysql_exporter -f docker-compose_mysqld-exporter.yml up -d

配置Prometheus

```
- job_name: 'mysql'     static_configs:     - targets: ['192.168.9.140:9104']         labels:             instance: mysql
```
- 修改配置文件后需重启
```
docker restart CONTAINER ID
```
  - 成功后如下图
  配置Grafana
  - 添加Dashboards，导入模板
```
cd /opt/docker-composetouch docker-compose_cadvisor.yml
```
    - 编辑
```
version: '3.2'services:  cadvisor:    image: google/cadvisor:latest    container_name: cadvisor    restart: unless-stopped    ports:      - '18080:8080'    volumes:      - /:/rootfs:ro      - /var/run:/var/run:rw      - /sys:/sys:ro      - /var/lib/docker/:/var/lib/docker:ro
```
      - docker-compose运行docker容器
```
docker-compose -p cadvisor -f docker-compose_cadvisor.yml up -d
```
      - 成功后浏览器访问
        - job_name: 'cadvisor' scrape_interval: 5s static_configs: - targets: ['192.168.9.140:18080']
        修改配置文件后需重启
        docker restart CONTAINER ID
        成功后如下图
        配置Grafana
        添加Dashboards，导入模板
        Warning: Error fetching server time: Detected 785.6099998950958 seconds time difference between your browser and the server.
        到装prometheus的机器上，同步一下时钟
        ntpdate time3.aliyun.com
        redis_exporter
        prometheus.yml配置不正确可能会提示too many redis instances
        redis_exporter启动后通过Prometheus服务web页面/targets下scrape也可能会出现以下错误，此时一般为redis_exporter启动时密码配置不正确，如部分redis实例不需要密码强行配置密码，或者redis实例需要密码而没有配置密码
        - redis_exporter_last_scrape_error{err="dial redis: unknown network redis"} 1
        mysqld_exporter
        创建mysql用户时可能提示以下错误
        ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --skip-grant-tables option so it cannot execute this statement
        刷新权限后再次执行即可
        flush privileges;
        后记
        除了上述Linux服务器、Redis、Mysql等，还可以通过其他exporter监控对应组件，工具不是万能的，适合并且能够快速定位性能瓶颈最重要。
        参考文档
        【监控】Prometheus+Grafana监控简介
        prometheus简介 - 云+社区 - 腾讯云
        Prometheus 监控redis并预警
        redis集群监控:prometheus+redis_exporter+grafana-博客园
        Prometheus 监控 Redis 集群的正确姿势
        通过prometheus实现的docker部署mysql监控
        prometheus监控mysql
        理论要掌握，实操不能落！以上关于《Prometheus&Grafana性能监控》的详细介绍，大家都掌握了吧！如果想要继续提升自己的能力，那么就来关注golang学习网公众号吧！