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Explain-执行计划

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时间:2023-01-20 17:11:03 188浏览 收藏

有志者,事竟成!如果你在学习数据库,那么本文《Explain-执行计划》,就很适合你!文章讲解的知识点主要包括MySQL、数据库,若是你对本文感兴趣,或者是想搞懂其中某个知识点,就请你继续往下看吧~

Explain有什么用

Explain
SQL
语句一起使用时,
MySQL
会显示来自优化器关于SQL执行的信息。也就是说,
MySQL
解释了它将如何处理该语句,包括如何连接表以及什么顺序连接表等。
  • 表的加载顺序
  • sql
    的查询类型
  • 可能用到哪些索引,哪些索引又被实际使用
  • 表与表之间的引用关系
  • 一个表中有多少行被优化器查询 .....

Explain有哪些信息

Explain
执行计划包含字段信息如下:分别是
id
select_type
table
partitions
type
possible_keys
key
key_len
ref
rows
filtered
Extra
12个字段。
下边我们会结合具体的
SQL
示例,详细的解读每个字段以及每个字段中不同参数的含义,以下所有示例数据库版本为
MySQL.5.7.17

mysql> select version() from dual;  
+------------+  
| version()  |  
+------------+  
| 5.7.17-log |  
+------------+

我们创建三张表

one
two
three
,表之间的关系
one.two_id = two.two_id AND two.three_id = three.three_id

Explain执行计划详解

一、id

id:
:表示查询中执行select子句或者操作表的顺序,
id
的值越大,代表优先级越高,越先执行
id
大致会出现 3种情况:
1、
id
相同

看到三条记录的

id
都相同,可以理解成这三个表为一组,具有同样的优先级,执行顺序由上而下,具体顺序由优化器决定。

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM one o,two t, three r WHERE o.two_id = t.two_id AND t.three_id = r.three_id;  
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+----------------------+------+----------+----------------------------------------------------+  
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type   | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref                  | rows | filtered | Extra                                              |  
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+----------------------+------+----------+----------------------------------------------------+  
|  1 | SIMPLE      | o     | NULL       | ALL    | NULL          | NULL    | NULL    | NULL                 |    2 |      100 | NULL                                               |  
|  1 | SIMPLE      | t     | NULL       | ALL    | PRIMARY       | NULL    | NULL    | NULL                 |    2 |       50 | Using where; Using join buffer (Block Nested Loop) |  
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r     | NULL       | eq_ref | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | xin-slave.t.three_id |    1 |      100 | NULL                                               |  
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+----------------------+------+----------+----------------------------------------------------+
2、
id
不同

如果我们的

SQL
中存在子查询,那么
id
的序号会递增,
id
值越大优先级越高,越先被执行 。当三个表依次嵌套,发现最里层的子查询
id
最大,最先执行。

mysql> EXPLAIN select * from one o where o.two_id = (select t.two_id from two t where t.three_id = (select r.three_id  from three r where r.three_name='我是第三表2'));
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | PRIMARY     | o     | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    2 |       50 | Using where |
|  2 | SUBQUERY    | t     | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    2 |       50 | Using where |
|  3 | SUBQUERY    | r     | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    2 |       50 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
3、以上两种同时存在

将上边的

SQL
稍微修改一下,增加一个子查询,发现
id
的以上两种同时存在。相同
id
划分为一组,这样就有三个组,同组的从上往下顺序执行,不同组
id
值越大,优先级越高,越先执行。

mysql>  EXPLAIN select * from one o where o.two_id = (select t.two_id from two t where t.three_id = (select r.three_id  from three r where r.three_name='我是第三表2')) AND o.one_id in(select one_id from one where o.one_name="我是第一表2");
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+--------------------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type   | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref                | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+--------------------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | PRIMARY     | o     | NULL       | ALL    | PRIMARY       | NULL    | NULL    | NULL               |    2 |       50 | Using where |
|  1 | PRIMARY     | one   | NULL       | eq_ref | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | xin-slave.o.one_id |    1 |      100 | Using index |
|  2 | SUBQUERY    | t     | NULL       | ALL    | NULL          | NULL    | NULL    | NULL               |    2 |       50 | Using where |
|  3 | SUBQUERY    | r     | NULL       | ALL    | NULL          | NULL    | NULL    | NULL               |    2 |       50 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+--------------------+------+----------+-------------+

二、select_type

select_type
:表示
select
查询的类型,主要是用于区分各种复杂的查询,例如:
普通查询
联合查询
子查询
等。
1、SIMPLE

SIMPLE
:表示最简单的 select 查询语句,也就是在查询中不包含子查询或者
union
交并差集等操作。
2、PRIMARY

PRIMARY
:当查询语句中包含任何复杂的子部分,最外层查询则被标记为
PRIMARY
3、SUBQUERY

SUBQUERY
:当
select
where
列表中包含了子查询,该子查询被标记为:
SUBQUERY
4、DERIVED

DERIVED
:表示包含在
from
子句中的子查询的select,在我们的
from
列表中包含的子查询会被标记为
derived
5、UNION

UNION
:如果
union
后边又出现的
select
语句,则会被标记为
union
;若
union
包含在
from
子句的子查询中,外层
select
将被标记为
derived
6、UNION RESULT

UNION RESULT
:代表从
union
的临时表中读取数据,而
table
列的
表示用第一个和第四个
select
的结果进行
union
操作。

mysql> EXPLAIN select t.two_name, ( select one.one_id from one) o from (select two_id,two_name from two where two_name ='') t  union (select r.three_name,r.three_id from three r);

+------+--------------+------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------+
| id   | select_type  | table      | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra           |
+------+--------------+------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------+
|    1 | PRIMARY      | two        | NULL       | ALL   | NULL          | NULL    | NULL    | NULL |    2 |       50 | Using where     |
|    2 | SUBQUERY     | one        | NULL       | index | NULL          | PRIMARY | 4       | NULL |    2 |      100 | Using index     |
|    4 | UNION        | r          | NULL       | ALL   | NULL          | NULL    | NULL    | NULL |    2 |      100 | NULL            |
| NULL | UNION RESULT |  | NULL       | ALL   | NULL          | NULL    | NULL    | NULL | NULL | NULL     | Using temporary |
+------+--------------+------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------+

三、table

查询的表名,并不一定是真实存在的表,有别名显示别名,也可能为临时表,例如上边的

DERIVED
等。

四、partitions

查询时匹配到的分区信息,对于非分区表值为

NULL
,当查询的是分区表时,
partitions
显示分区表命中的分区情况。

+----+-------------+----------------+---------------------------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table          | partitions                      | type  | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+----------------+---------------------------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | one            | p201801,p201802,p201803,p300012 | index | NULL          | PRIMARY | 9       | NULL |    3 |      100 | Using index |
+----+-------------+----------------+---------------------------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+

五、type

type
:查询使用了何种类型,它在
SQL
优化中是一个非常重要的指标,以下性能从好到坏依次是:
system
>
const
>
eq_ref
>
ref
>
ref_or_null
>
index_merge
>
unique_subquery
>
index_subquery
>
range
>
index
>
ALL
1、system

system
: 当表仅有一行记录时(系统表),数据量很少,往往不需要进行磁盘IO,速度非常快。
2、const

const
:表示查询时命中
primary key
主键或者
unique
唯一索引,或者被连接的部分是一个常量(
const
)值。这类扫描效率极高,返回数据量少,速度非常快。

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * from three where three_id=1;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref   | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | three | NULL       | const | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | const |    1 |      100 | NULL  |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
3、eq_ref

eq_ref
:查询时命中主键
primary key
或者
unique key
索引,
type
就是
eq_ref

mysql> EXPLAIN select o.one_name from one o ,two t where o.one_id = t.two_id ; 
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+----------+---------+--------------------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type   | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref                | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+----------+---------+--------------------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | o     | NULL       | index  | PRIMARY       | idx_name | 768     | NULL               |    2 |      100 | Using index |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | t     | NULL       | eq_ref | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY  | 4       | xin-slave.o.one_id |    1 |      100 | Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+----------+---------+--------------------+------+----------+-------------+
4、ref

ref
:区别于
eq_ref
ref
表示使用非唯一性索引,会找到很多个符合条件的行。

mysql> select o.one_id from one o where o.one_name = "xin" ; 
+--------+
| one_id |
+--------+
|      1 |
|      3 |
+--------+
--->sql
mysql> EXPLAIN select o.one_id from one o where o.one_name = "xin" ; 
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref   | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | o     | NULL       | ref  | idx_name      | idx_name | 768     | const |    1 |      100 | Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+
5、ref_or_null

ref_or_null
:这种连接类型类似于 ref,区别在于
MySQL
会额外搜索包含
NULL
值的行。

mysql> EXPLAIN select o.one_id from one o where o.one_name = "xin" OR o.one_name IS NULL; 
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type        | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref   | rows | filtered | Extra                    |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+--------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | o     | NULL       | ref_or_null | idx_name      | idx_name | 768     | const |    3 |      100 | Using where; Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+--------------------------+
6、index_merge

index_merge
:使用了索引合并优化方法,查询使用了两个以上的索引。

下边示例中同时使用到主键

one_id
和 字段
one_name
idx_name
索引 。

mysql> EXPLAIN select * from one o where o.one_id >1 and o.one_name ='xin'; 
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------------+------------------+------------------+---------+------+------+----------+------------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type        | possible_keys    | key              | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra                                          |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------------+------------------+------------------+---------+------+------+----------+------------------------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | o     | NULL       | index_merge | PRIMARY,idx_name | idx_name,PRIMARY | 772,4   | NULL |    1 |      100 | Using intersect(idx_name,PRIMARY); Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------------+------------------+------------------+---------+------+------+----------+------------------------------------------------+
7、unique_subquery

unique_subquery
:替换下面的
IN
子查询,子查询返回不重复的集合。

value IN (SELECT primary_key FROM single_table WHERE some_expr)
8、index_subquery

index_subquery
:区别于
unique_subquery
,用于非唯一索引,可以返回重复值。

value IN (SELECT key_column FROM single_table WHERE some_expr)
9、range

range
:使用索引选择行,仅检索给定范围内的行。简单点说就是针对一个有索引的字段,给定范围检索数据。在
where
语句中使用
bettween...and
>
in
等条件查询
type
都是
range

举个栗子:

three
表中
three_id
为唯一主键,
user_id
普通字段未建索引。

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * from three where three_id BETWEEN 2 AND 3;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | three | NULL       | range | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | NULL |    1 |      100 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+

从结果中看到只有对设置了索引的字段,做范围检索

type
才是
range

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * from three where user_id BETWEEN 2 AND 3;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | three | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    3 |    33.33 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
10、index

index
Index
ALL
其实都是读全表,区别在于
index
是遍历索引树读取,而
ALL
是从硬盘中读取。

下边示例:

three_id
为主键,不带
where
条件全表查询 ,
type
结果为
index

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT three_id from three ;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | three | NULL       | index | NULL          | PRIMARY | 4       | NULL |    1 |      100 | Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
11、ALL

ALL
:将遍历全表以找到匹配的行,性能最差。

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * from two ;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | two   | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    2 |      100 | NULL  |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+

六、possible_keys

possible_keys
:表示在
MySQL
中通过哪些索引,能让我们在表中找到想要的记录,一旦查询涉及到的某个字段上存在索引,则索引将被列出,但这个索引并不定一会是最终查询数据时所被用到的索引。具体请参考上边的例子。

七、key

key
:区别于
possible_keys
,key是查询中实际使用到的索引,若没有使用索引,显示为
NULL
。具体请参考上边的例子。
type
index_merge
时,可能会显示多个索引。

八、key_len

key_len
:表示查询用到的索引长度(字节数),原则上长度越短越好 。
  • 单列索引,那么需要将整个索引长度算进去;
  • 多列索引,不是所有列都能用到,需要计算查询中实际用到的列。
注意:
key_len
只计算
where
条件中用到的索引长度,而排序和分组即便是用到了索引,也不会计算到
key_len
中。

九、ref

ref
:常见的有:
const
func
null
,字段名。
  • 当使用常量等值查询,显示
    const
  • 当关联查询时,会显示相应关联表的
    关联字段
  • 如果查询条件使用了
    表达式
    函数
    ,或者条件列发生内部隐式转换,可能显示为
    func
  • 其他情况
    null

十、rows

rows
:以表的统计信息和索引使用情况,估算要找到我们所需的记录,需要读取的行数。

这是评估

SQL
性能的一个比较重要的数据,
mysql
需要扫描的行数,很直观的显示
SQL
性能的好坏,一般情况下
rows
值越小越好。

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * from three;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | three | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    3 |      100 | NULL  |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+

十一、filtered

filtered
这个是一个百分比的值,表里符合条件的记录数的百分比。简单点说,这个字段表示存储引擎返回的数据在经过过滤后,剩下满足条件的记录数量的比例。

MySQL.5.7
版本以前想要显示
filtered
需要使用
explain extended
命令。
MySQL.5.7
后,默认
explain
直接显示
partitions
filtered
的信息。

十二、Extra

Extra
:不适合在其他列中显示的信息,
Explain
中的很多额外的信息会在
Extra
字段显示。
1、Using index

Using index
:我们在相应的
select
操作中使用了覆盖索引,通俗一点讲就是查询的列被索引覆盖,使用到覆盖索引查询速度会非常快,
SQl
优化中理想的状态。

什么又是覆盖索引?

一条

SQL
只需要通过索引就可以返回,我们所需要查询的数据(一个或几个字段),而不必通过二级索引,查到主键之后再通过主键查询整行数据(
select *
)。

one_id
表为主键

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT one_id from one ;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+------------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key        | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+------------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | one   | NULL       | index | NULL          | idx_two_id | 5       | NULL |    3 |      100 | Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+------------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+

注意:想要使用到覆盖索引,我们在

select
时只取出需要的字段,不可
select *
,而且该字段建了索引。

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * from one ;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | one   | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    3 |      100 | NULL  |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+
2、Using where

Using where
:查询时未找到可用的索引,进而通过
where
条件过滤获取所需数据,但要注意的是并不是所有带
where
语句的查询都会显示
Using where

下边示例

create_time
并未用到索引,
type
ALL
,即
MySQL
通过全表扫描后再按
where
条件筛选数据。

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT one_name from one where create_time ='2020-05-18';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | one   | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    3 |    33.33 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
3、Using temporary

Using temporary
:表示查询后结果需要使用临时表来存储,一般在排序或者分组查询时用到。

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT one_name from one where one_id in (1,2) group by one_name;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | one   | NULL       | range| NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    3 |    33.33 | Using where; Using temporary; Using filesort |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
4、Using filesort

Using filesort
:表示无法利用索引完成的排序操作,也就是
ORDER BY
的字段没有索引,通常这样的SQL都是需要优化的。

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT one_id from one  ORDER BY create_time;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+----------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra          |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+----------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | one   | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    3 |      100 | Using filesort |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+----------------+

如果

ORDER BY
字段有索引就会用到覆盖索引,相比执行速度快很多。

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT one_id from one  ORDER BY one_id;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | one   | NULL       | index | NULL          | PRIMARY | 4       | NULL |    3 |      100 | Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
5、Using join buffer

Using join buffer
:在我们联表查询的时候,如果表的连接条件没有用到索引,需要有一个连接缓冲区来存储中间结果。

先看一下有索引的情况:连接条件

one_name
two_name
都用到索引。

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT one_name from one o,two t where o.one_name = t.two_name;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+----------------------+------+----------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref                  | rows | filtered | Extra                    |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+----------------------+------+----------+--------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | o     | NULL       | index | idx_name      | idx_name | 768     | NULL                 |    3 |      100 | Using where; Using index |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | t     | NULL       | ref   | idx_name      | idx_name | 768     | xin-slave.o.one_name |    1 |      100 | Using index              |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+----------------------+------+----------+--------------------------+

接下来删掉 连接条件

one_name
two_name
的字段索引。发现
Extra
列变成
Using join buffer
type
均为全表扫描,这也是
SQL
优化中需要注意的地方。

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT one_name from one o,two t where o.one_name = t.two_name;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+----------------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra                                              |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+----------------------------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | t     | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    2 |      100 | NULL                                               |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | o     | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    3 |    33.33 | Using where; Using join buffer (Block Nested Loop) |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+----------------------------------------------------+
6、Impossible where

Impossible where
:表示在我们用不太正确的
where
语句,导致没有符合条件的行。

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT one_name from one WHERE 1=2;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra            |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | NULL  | NULL       | NULL | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | NULL | NULL     | Impossible WHERE |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+------------------+
7、No tables used

No tables used
:我们的查询语句中没有
FROM
子句,或者有
FROM DUAL
子句。

mysql> EXPLAIN select now();
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+----------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra          |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+----------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | NULL  | NULL       | NULL | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | NULL | NULL     | No tables used |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+----------------+

Extra
列的信息非常非常多,这里就不再一一列举了,详见
MySQL
官方文档 :https://dev.mysql.com/doc/ref..._index_merge

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