Golang使用JWT进行认证和加密的示例详解

type StandardClaims struct {
	Audience  string `json:"aud,omitempty"`
	ExpiresAt int64  `json:"exp,omitempty"`
	Id        string `json:"jti,omitempty"`
	IssuedAt  int64  `json:"iat,omitempty"`
	Issuer    string `json:"iss,omitempty"`
	NotBefore int64  `json:"nbf,omitempty"`
	Subject   string `json:"sub,omitempty"`
}

const (
	AgreementPartyUInfoKey    = "apu" #(Algorithm) Header Parameter 
	AgreementPartyVInfoKey    = "apv"
	AlgorithmKey              = "alg" #(Algorithm) Header Parameter 
	CompressionKey            = "zip" #(Compression Algorithm) Header Parameter
	ContentEncryptionKey      = "enc" #(Encryption Algorithm) Header Parameter
	ContentTypeKey            = "cty" #(Content Type) Header Parameter
	CriticalKey               = "crit" #(Critical) Header Parameter
	EphemeralPublicKeyKey     = "epk"
	JWKKey                    = "jwk" #(JSON Web Key) Header Parameter
	JWKSetURLKey              = "jku" #(JWK Set URL) Header Parameter
	KeyIDKey                  = "kid" #(Key ID) Header Parameter
	TypeKey                   = "typ" #(Type) Header Parameter
	X509CertChainKey          = "x5c" #(X.509 Certificate Chain) Header Parameter
	X509CertThumbprintKey     = "x5t" #(X.509 Certificate SHA-1 Thumbprint) Header Parameter 
	X509CertThumbprintS256Key = "x5t#S256" #(X.509 Certificate SHA-256 Thumbprint) Header Parameter
	X509URLKey                = "x5u" #(X.509 URL) Header Parameter
)

const (
	KeyTypeKey                = "kty"      #(Key Type) Parameter
	KeyUsageKey               = "use"      #(Public Key Use) Parameter
	KeyOpsKey                 = "key_ops"  #(Key Operations) Parameter
	AlgorithmKey              = "alg"      #(Algorithm) Parameter
	KeyIDKey                  = "kid"      #(Key ID) Parameter
	X509URLKey                = "x5u"      #(X.509 URL) Parameter
	X509CertChainKey          = "x5c"      #(X.509 Certificate Chain) Parameter
	X509CertThumbprintKey     = "x5t"      #(X.509 Certificate SHA-1 Thumbprint) Parameter 
	X509CertThumbprintS256Key = "x5t#S256" #(X.509 Certificate SHA-256 Thumbprint) Parameter
)

type stdToken struct {
	mu            *sync.RWMutex
	dc            DecodeCtx          // per-object context for decoding
	options       TokenOptionSet     // per-object option
	audience      types.StringList   // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7519#section-4.1.3
	expiration    *types.NumericDate // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7519#section-4.1.4
	issuedAt      *types.NumericDate // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7519#section-4.1.6
	issuer        *string            // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7519#section-4.1.1
	jwtID         *string            // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7519#section-4.1.7
	notBefore     *types.NumericDate // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7519#section-4.1.5
	subject       *string            // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7519#section-4.1.2
	privateClaims map[string]interface{} //用户自定义的claims
}

type Message struct {
	dc         DecodeCtx
	payload    []byte
	signatures []*Signature
	b64        bool // true if payload should be base64 encoded
}

package main

import (
	"crypto/rand"
	"crypto/rsa"
	"fmt"
	"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2/jwa"
	"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2/jwe"
	"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2/jwk"
	"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2/jws"
	"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2/jwt"
	"time"
)

func main() {
	// 创建一个jwt token结构体
	tok, err := jwt.NewBuilder().
		Issuer(`github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx`).
		IssuedAt(time.Now()).
		Build()
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("failed to build token: %s\n", err)
		return
	}

	//创建对称签名的key
	key, err := jwk.FromRaw([]byte(`abracadabra`))
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf(`failed to create new symmetric key: %s`, err)
		return
	}
	key.Set(jws.KeyIDKey, `secret-key`)
	//使用HS256对称签名方式进行签名，生成JWS
	signed, err := jwt.Sign(tok, jwt.WithKey(jwa.HS256, key))

	//下面使用jwe对JWS进行加密，使用的是非对称加密方式
	//首先生成RSA密钥对
	rawprivkey, err := rsa.GenerateKey(rand.Reader, 2048)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("failed to create raw private key: %s\n", err)
		return
	}
	//提取私钥，用于解密
	privkey, err := jwk.FromRaw(rawprivkey)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("failed to create private key: %s\n", err)
		return
	}
	//提取公钥，用于加密
	pubkey, err := privkey.PublicKey()
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("failed to create public key:%s\n", err)
		return
	}
	//使用公钥加密JWS
	encrypted, err := jwe.Encrypt(signed, jwe.WithKey(jwa.RSA_OAEP, pubkey))
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("failed to encrypt payload: %s\n", err)
		return
	}
	//使用私钥解密出JWS
	decrypted, err := jwe.Decrypt(encrypted, jwe.WithKey(jwa.RSA_OAEP, privkey))
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("failed to decrypt payload: %s\n", err)
		return
	}

	//使用对称签名方式解析出token 结构体
	parsedTok, err := jwt.Parse(decrypted, jwt.WithKey(jwa.HS256, key), jwt.WithValidate(true))
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("failed to parse signed token")
		return
	}
	fmt.Println(parsedTok)
}

package main

import (
	"crypto/rand"
	"crypto/rsa"
	"fmt"
	"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2/jwa"
	"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2/jwt"
)

func main() {
  //创建RSA密钥对
	privKey, err := rsa.GenerateKey(rand.Reader, 2048)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("failed to generate private key: %s\n", err)
		return
	}

	var payload []byte
	{ // 创建JWT payload
		token := jwt.New()
		token.Set(`foo`, `bar`)
    //使用RSA私钥进行签名
		payload, err = jwt.Sign(token, jwt.WithKey(jwa.RS256, privKey))
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Printf("failed to generate signed payload: %s\n", err)
			return
		}
	}

	{ // 使用RSA公钥进行解析
		token, err := jwt.Parse(
			payload,
			jwt.WithValidate(true),
			jwt.WithKey(jwa.RS256, &privKey.PublicKey),
		)
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Printf("failed to parse JWT token: %s\n", err)
			return
		}

		fmt.Println(token)
	}
}

{
  v, err := jwk.ReadFile(`private-key.pem`, jwk.WithPEM(true))
  if err != nil {
    // handle error
  }
}

{
  v, err := jwk.ReadFile(`public-key.pem`, jwk.WithPEM(true))
  if err != nil {
    // handle error
  }
}

	srv := httptest.NewTLSServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
		fmt.Fprintf(w, `{
  		"keys": [
        {"kty":"EC",
         "crv":"P-256",
         "x":"MKBCTNIcKUSDii11ySs3526iDZ8AiTo7Tu6KPAqv7D4",
         "y":"4Etl6SRW2YiLUrN5vfvVHuhp7x8PxltmWWlbbM4IFyM",
         "use":"enc",
         "kid":"1"},
        {"kty":"RSA",
         "n": "0vx7agoebGcQSuuPiLJXZptN9nndrQmbXEps2aiAFbWhM78LhWx4cbbfAAtVT86zwu1RK7aPFFxuhDR1L6tSoc_BJECPebWKRXjBZCiFV4n3oknjhMstn64tZ_2W-5JsGY4Hc5n9yBXArwl93lqt7_RN5w6Cf0h4QyQ5v-65YGjQR0_FDW2QvzqY368QQMicAtaSqzs8KJZgnYb9c7d0zgdAZHzu6qMQvRL5hajrn1n91CbOpbISD08qNLyrdkt-bFTWhAI4vMQFh6WeZu0fM4lFd2NcRwr3XPksINHaQ-G_xBniIqbw0Ls1jF44-csFCur-kEgU8awapJzKnqDKgw",
         "e":"AQAB",
         "alg":"RS256",
         "kid":"2011-04-29"}
      ]
    }`)
	}))
	defer srv.Close()

	set, err := jwk.Fetch(
		context.Background(),
		srv.URL,
		// This is necessary because httptest.Server is using a custom certificate
		jwk.WithHTTPClient(srv.Client()),
	)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("failed to fetch JWKS: %s\n", err)
		return
	}